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American track and field athlete

Carl Lewis

Lewis at the Save The Globe Awards in Lower Austria, Austria, July 2009
Personal information
Full name	Frederick Carlton Lewis[1]
Nickname(due south)	Carl Lewis[1]
Nationality	American
Built-in	(1961-07-01) July i, 1961 (age 60) [1] Birmingham, Alabama, U.Southward. [1]
Height	6 ft ii in (188 cm)[1]
Weight	176 lb (80 kg)[1]
Sport
State	Us
Sport	Track and field
Consequence(due south)	100 meters, 200 meters, long jump, 4 × 100 m relay
College team	Houston Cougars
Club	Santa Monica Runway Club
Retired	1997
Medal tape Men'due south athletics Representing the United States International athletics competitions Event 1st 2nd 3rd Olympic Games 9 1 0 World Championships viii one ane Pan American Games ii 0 1 Goodwill Games 3 one 1 Total 22 3 3 Event 1st 2nd 3rd 100 1000 v 1 1 200 thou i 1 1 four × 100 yard relay 8 0 0 Long spring 8 i 1 Olympic Games 1984 Los Angeles 100 m 1984 Los Angeles 200 m 1984 Los Angeles 4 × 100 thou relay 1984 Los Angeles Long jump 1988 Seoul 100 m 1988 Seoul Long bound 1992 Barcelona 4 × 100 m relay 1992 Barcelona Long leap 1996 Atlanta Long bound 1988 Seoul 200 m World Championships 1983 Helsinki 100 k 1983 Helsinki iv × 100 m relay 1983 Helsinki Long jump 1987 Rome 100 m 1987 Rome iv × 100 m relay 1987 Rome Long spring 1991 Tokyo 100 chiliad 1991 Tokyo 4 × 100 one thousand relay 1991 Tokyo Long jump 1993 Stuttgart 200 one thousand Pan American Games 1987 Indianapolis Long leap 1987 Indianapolis 4 × 100 one thousand relay 1979 San Juan Long bound Goodwill Games 1986 Moscow 4 × 100 thou relay 1990 Seattle Long jump 1994 Saint Petersburg iv × 100 thou relay 1990 Seattle 100 thousand 1986 Moscow 100 yard Olympic Boycott Games 1980 Philadelphia Long jump

Frederick Carlton Lewis (born July 1, 1961) is an American sometime track and field athlete who won nine Olympic gold medals, one Olympic silvery medal, and 10 Globe Championships medals, including viii gold. His career spanned from 1979 to 1996, when he final won an Olympic event. He is one of only six Olympic athletes who won a gold medal in the same individual outcome in four consecutive Olympic Games.

Lewis was a dominant sprinter and long jumper who topped the world rankings in the 100 m, 200 m and long jump events frequently from 1981 to the early 1990s. He set world records in the 100 m, iv × 100 1000 and iv × 200 m relays, while his earth tape in the indoor long jump has stood since 1984. His 65 consecutive victories in the long jump achieved over a span of ten years is one of the sport's longest undefeated streaks. Over the course of his athletics career, Lewis broke ten seconds for the 100 meters fifteen times and 20 seconds for the 200 meters ten times. Lewis likewise long jumped over 28 feet 70-one times.

His accomplishments have led to numerous accolades, including being voted "World Athlete of the Century" past the International Association of Athletics Federations and "Sportsman of the Century" by the International Olympic Committee, "Olympian of the Century" by Sports Illustrated and "Athlete of the Yr" by Track & Field News in 1982, 1983, and 1984.

After retiring from his athletics career, Lewis became an actor and has appeared in a number of films. In 2011, he attempted to run for a seat as a Democrat in the New Bailiwick of jersey Senate, simply was removed from the election due to the state's residency requirement. Lewis owns a marketing and branding company named C.L.Eastward.One thousand., which markets and brands products and services including his own.

Athletic career [edit]

Fame as a competitive athlete [edit]

Frederick Carlton Lewis was born in Birmingham, Alabama, on July 1, 1961, the son of William Lewis (1927–1987)^[2] and Evelyn née Lawler Lewis. His mother was a hurdler on the 1951 Pan-Am team.^[3] His elder blood brother Cleveland Lewis played professional person soccer for the Memphis Rogues.^[4] His parents ran a local athletics society that provided a crucial influence on both him and his sis, Carol.^[5] She became an elite long jumper, finishing 9th at the 1984 Olympics and taking statuary at the 1983 World Championships.^[6]

Lewis was initially coached past his begetter, who besides coached other local athletes to aristocracy status.^[5] At historic period 13, Lewis began competing in the long spring, and he emerged as a promising athlete while coached by Andy Dudek and Paul Minore at Willingboro High Schoolhouse in his hometown of Willingboro Township, New Jersey.^{[three] [7]} He accomplished the ranking of fourth on the all-time Globe Junior list of long jumpers.^[three]

Many colleges tried to recruit Lewis, and he chose to enroll at the Academy of Houston where Tom Tellez was omnibus. Tellez would thereafter remain Lewis's coach for his entire career. Days after graduating from loftier school in 1979, Lewis broke the high school long jump tape with a leap of 8.13 one thousand (26 ft 8 in).^[8] By the end of 1979, Lewis was ranked fifth in the globe for the long leap, co-ordinate to Track and Field News.^[9]

An old knee injury had flared up once again at the end of the high school twelvemonth, and this might take had consequences on his fitness. Lewis worked with Tellez and adjusted his technique and so that he was able to jump without pain, and he went on to win the 1980 National Collegiate Athletic Clan (NCAA) title with a current of air-assisted jump of 8.35 m (27 ft four+ 1⁄ii  in).^[3]

Though his focus was on the long jump, he was now starting to emerge as a talent in the sprints. Comparisons were offset to be made with Jesse Owens, who dominated dart and long jump events in the 1930s. Lewis qualified for the American team for the 1980 Olympics in the long jump and as a member of the 4 × 100 grand relay team.^[3] The Olympic cold-shoulder precluded Lewis from competing in Moscow; he instead participated in the Liberty Bong Classic in July 1980, which was an alternate meet for boycotting nations. He jumped 7.77 m (25 ft 5+ three⁄4  in) for a bronze medal, and the American 4 × 100 m relay team won gilded with a fourth dimension of 38.61 s.^[10] He received one of 461 Congressional Gold Medals created peculiarly for the athletes precluded from competing in the 1980 Olympics.^[eleven] At yr'southward end, he was ranked 6th in the world in the long leap and seventh in the 100 m.^{[9] [12]}

Breakthrough in 1981 and 1982 [edit]

At the start of 1981, Lewis's best legal long jump was his high school record from 1979. On June 20, Lewis improved his personal best by almost one-half a meter past leaping 8.62 m (28 ft 3+ 1⁄four  in) at the TAC Championships while still a teenager.^[13]

While marks set at the thinner air of high altitude are eligible for world records,^[14] Lewis was adamant to ready his records at sea level. In response to a question about his skipping a 1982 long jump competition at altitude, he said, "I want the record and I programme to get information technology, only not at distance. I don't want that '(A)' [for altitude] afterwards the marking."^[15] When he gained prominence in the early 1980s, all the extant men's 100 thou and 200 m records and the long jump record had been set at the high distance of United mexican states Metropolis.^[14]

Also in 1981, Lewis became the fastest 100 m sprinter in the world. His relatively modest best from 1979 (x.67 s) improved to a world-grade 10.21 the next year. But 1981 saw him run 10.00 s at the Southwest Briefing Championships in Dallas on May 16, a time that was the third-fastest in history and stood as the low-altitude record.^[sixteen] For the first time, Lewis was ranked number one in the world, in both the 100 yard and the long leap. He won his first national titles in the 100 k and long jump. Additionally, he won the James E. Sullivan Laurels equally the top apprentice athlete in the Us.^[17]

In 1982, Lewis continued his dominance, and for the offset time it seemed someone might challenge Bob Beamon'due south world record of viii.xc m (29 ft ii+ 1⁄iv  in) in the long jump gear up at the 1968 Olympics, a marking often described as i of the greatest athletic achievements ever.^[18] Before Lewis, 28 ft 0 in (viii.53 m) had been exceeded on ii occasions by ii people: Beamon and 1980 Olympic champion Lutz Dombrowski. During 1982, Lewis cleared 28 ft 0 in (8.53 m) 5 times outdoors, twice more indoors, going as far as 8.seven m (28 ft six+ 1⁄2  in) at Indianapolis on July 24.^[nineteen] He too ran 10.00 southward in the 100 m, the world's fastest time, matching his low-altitude record from 1981. He achieved his x.00 s clocking the same weekend he leapt 8.61 m (28 ft 2+ 3⁄4  in) twice, and the day he recorded his new depression-altitude record 8.76 one thousand (28 ft 8+ 3⁄four  in) at Indianapolis, he had iii fouls with his toe barely over the board, two of which seemed to exceed Beamon'southward tape, the third which several observers said reached xxx ft 0 in (9.xiv m). Lewis said he should take been credited with that jump, claiming the runway officials misinterpreted the rules on fouls.^[20]

He repeated his number i ranking in the 100 one thousand and long leap, and ranked number six in the 200 m. Additionally, he was named Athlete of the Year past Runway and Field News. From 1981 until 1992, Lewis topped the 100 m ranking six times (seven if Ben Johnson's 1987 top ranking is ignored), and ranked no lower than third.^[12] His dominance in the long jump was even greater, as he topped the rankings nine times during the same period, and ranked second in the other years.^[9]

1983 and the inaugural World Championships [edit]

The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), the governing body of track and field, organized the first World Championships in 1983. Lewis' chief rival in the long jump was predicted to be the homo who last beat out him: Larry Myricks. Merely though Myricks had joined Lewis in surpassing 28 ft 0 in (8.53 chiliad) the year earlier, he failed to qualify for the American team, and Lewis won at Helsinki with relative ease. His winning leap of 8.55 m (28 ft one⁄2  in) defeated silver medalist Jason Grimes past 0.26 grand (10 in).^[21]

He likewise won the 100 thousand with relative ease. There, Calvin Smith who had earlier that twelvemonth gear up a new world record in the 100 m at altitude with a 9.93 s functioning, was soundly beaten by Lewis 10.07 south to 10.21 s.^[22] Smith won the 200 m championship,^[23] an event which Lewis had not entered, merely even in that location he was partly in Lewis' shadow equally Lewis had prepare an American record in that effect earlier that yr. He won the 200 yard on June 19 at the TAC/Mobil Championships in 19.75 southward, the second-fastest time in history and the low-altitude record, simply 0.03 due south backside Pietro Mennea's 1979 mark. Observers here noted that Lewis probably could have broken the world record if he did non ease off in the last meters to heighten his arms in celebration.^{[24] [25]} Finally, Lewis ran the anchor in the 4 × 100 m relay, winning in 37.86 s, a new earth record and the first in Lewis' career.^[26]

Lewis' year-best performances in the 100 chiliad and long jump were not at the World Championships, but at other meets. He became the first person to run a sub-10 second 100 m at low-altitude with a 9.97 south in Modesto on May 14.^{[27] [28]} His gold at the Earth Championships and his other fast times earned him the number i ranking in the earth that twelvemonth, despite Calvin Smith's globe record. At the TAC Championships on June xix, he set a new low-distance record in the long jump, 8.79 k (28 ft 10 in)^[24] and earned the world number one ranking in that upshot.^[29] Rail and Field News ranked him number two in the 200 m, despite his low-distance record of 19.75 s, behind Smith, who had won gilt at Helsinki.^[xxx] Lewis was again named Athlete of the Year by the magazine.^[31]

1984 Summer Olympics: emulating Jesse Owens [edit]

Lewis sprinting at the 1984 Olympics

At the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, Lewis was entered into four events with realistic prospects of winning each of them and thereby matching the accomplishment of Jesse Owens at the 1936 Games in Berlin.^[32]

Lewis started his quest to match Owens with a convincing win in the 100 yard, running 9.99 southward to defeat his nearest competitor, beau American Sam Graddy, past 0.2 s. In his side by side event, the long bound, Lewis won with relative ease. His behavior in winning this outcome stoked controversy, fifty-fifty as knowledgeable observers agreed that his tactics were right.^[33] Since Lewis still had heats and finals in the 200 grand and the 4 × 100 m relay to compete in, he chose to take as few jumps as necessary to win the effect. He risked injury in the cool conditions of the mean solar day if he over-extended himself, and his ultimate goal to win iv golds might be at risk. He knew that his first jump at 8.54 yard (28 ft 0 in) was sufficient to win the effect. He fouled on his adjacent spring so passed on his remaining four allotted jumps. Lewis hands won aureate, and Gary Beloved of Australia settled for the silver medal with a jump of viii.24 g (27 ft 1⁄4  in). The public was generally unaware of the intricacies of the sport and had been repeatedly told by the media of Lewis's quest to surpass Bob Beamon'south legendary long jump tape of 8.xc m (29 ft two+ 1⁄4  in). Lewis himself had often stated it was a goal of his to surpass the mark. A television advertisement with Beamon appeared before the final, featuring the record-holder saying, "I hope y'all make it, kid."^[34] So, when Lewis decided not to make any more attempts to try to break the record, he was loudly booed. When asked about those boos, Lewis said, "I was shocked at first. But later on I thought about it, I realized that they were booing because they wanted to see more than of Carl Lewis. I guess that's flattering."^[35]

His third gold medal came in the 200 m, where he won with a time of 19.80 s, a new Olympic record and the 3rd fastest fourth dimension in history. Finally, he won his fourth aureate in the 4 × 100 m relay when he anchored the final leg of the race; he broke the tape with a time of 37.83 southward, setting a new earth tape.^[32]

Lack of endorsements and public perception [edit]

Although Lewis had achieved what he had set out to do—matching Jesse Owens' feat of winning iv gold medals in the same events at a single Olympic Games—he did non receive the lucrative endorsement offers that he had expected. The long jump controversy was one reason and his self-congratulatory behave did not print several other track stars: "He rubs information technology in besides much", said Edwin Moses, twice Olympic gold medalist in the 400 m hurdles. "A little humility is in order. That'southward what Carl lacks."^[36] Farther, Lewis'due south agent Joe Douglas compared him to popular star Michael Jackson, a comparison which did non go over well. Douglas said he was inaccurately quoted, but the impression that Lewis was aloof and egotistical was firmly planted in the public'southward perception by the end of the 1984 Olympic Games.^[37]

Additionally, rumors circulated at that fourth dimension that Lewis was gay, and though Lewis denied the rumors, they probably injure his marketability as well. Lewis' physical advent at the Games, with a flattop haircut and flamboyant wear, added fuel to the reports. "It doesn't affair what Carl Lewis' sexuality is", high jumper Dwight Stones said. "Madison Avenue perceives him as homosexual."^[38] Coca-Cola had offered a lucrative deal to Lewis before the Olympics, just Lewis and Douglas turned it downwards, confident that Lewis would be worth more than afterwards the Olympics. But Coca-Cola rescinded the offer later on the Games. Nike already had Lewis nether contract for several years, despite questions about how it affected his apprentice status, and he was actualization in Nike television advertisements in print and on billboards. Nike was faced with Lewis's new negative epitome and dropped him afterward the Games. "If yous're a male athlete, I think the American public wants you to look macho", said Don Coleman, a Nike representative.^[37] "They started looking for ways to go rid of me", Lewis said. "Anybody there was so scared and so cynical they did non know what to do." (Lewis and Nike eventually did separate, and Lewis signed an endorsement deal with Mizuno.) Lewis himself would lay the blame on some inaccurate reporting, specially the "Carl bashing", as he put it, typified by a Sports Illustrated commodity earlier the Olympics.^[39]

At year's end, Lewis was again awarded the elevation rankings in the 100 m and the long jump and was additionally ranked number one in the 200 thou, and for the third twelvemonth in a row he was awarded the Athlete of the Twelvemonth title past Track & Field News.

The Chicago Bulls drafted Lewis in the 1984 NBA Draft as the 208th overall pick, although he had played neither high school nor college basketball game. Lewis never played in the NBA. A poll on the NBA'due south website ranked Lewis 2nd to Lusia Harris, the only adult female to be drafted by the NBA, as the most unusual pick in the history of the NBA Draft. Ron Weiss, the head W Coast scout of the Bulls, and Ken Passon, the assistant Due west Coast scout, recommended Lewis considering he was the best athlete available.^[xl] Similarly, Lewis was drafted by the Dallas Cowboys as a wide receiver in the 12th round of the 1984 NFL Draft, even though he did not play football game in college. He never played in the NFL either.^[41]

Ben Johnson and the 1987 World Championships [edit]

After the 1984 Olympics, Lewis connected to boss rails and field, peculiarly in the long jump, in which he would remain undefeated for the next seven years, simply others started to claiming his authorization in the 100 g sprint. His depression-altitude tape had been surpassed by fellow American Mel Lattany with a time of 9.96 due south shortly before the 1984 Olympics,^[42] but his biggest challenger would bear witness to be Canadian Ben Johnson, the bronze medalist behind Lewis at the 1984 Olympics. Johnson would beat Lewis in one case in 1985, simply Lewis too lost to others, while winning most of his races. Lewis retained his number one rank that twelvemonth; Johnson would place second.^[12] In 1986, Johnson defeated Lewis convincingly at the Goodwill Games in Moscow, clocking a new low-altitude record of ix.95 s. At year's end, Johnson was ranked number one, while Lewis slipped to number three, having lost more than races than he won. He even seemed vulnerable in the long jump, an event he did not lose in 1986, or the year earlier, though he competed sparingly. Lewis concluded upwards ranked second behind Soviet Robert Emmiyan, who had the longest legal bound of the twelvemonth at 8.61 m (28 ft 2+ 3⁄4  in).^[9]

At the 1987 World Championships in Athletics in Rome, Lewis skipped the 200 m to focus on his strongest event, the long jump, and made sure to take all his attempts. This was non to answer critics from the 1984 long jump controversy; this was because history's 2nd 29 ft long-jumper was in the field: Robert Emmiyan leapt eight.86 one thousand (29 ft 3⁄iv  in) at altitude in May, just 4 cm short of Bob Beamon's record.^[43] But Emmiyan's best that mean solar day was a bound of eight.53 chiliad (27 ft eleven+ 3⁄iv  in), second to Lewis' eight.67 1000 (28 ft 5+ 1⁄4  in).^[44] Lewis cleared 8.60 grand (28 ft 2+ ane⁄2  in) four times. In the 4 × 100 m relay, Lewis anchored the gilt-medal team to a fourth dimension of 37.ninety southward, the third-fastest of all fourth dimension.^[45]

The 100 thousand final was the most talked nigh issue and caused the almost drama. Johnson had run nether ten.00 s iii times in the year before Rome,^[46] while Lewis had non managed to get under the 10.00 s barrier at all. Lewis looked strong in the heats of the 100 k, setting a Championship record in the semi-final while running into a wind with a x.03 s effort.^[47] In the terminal, all the same, Johnson won with a time that stunned observers: 9.83 s, a new globe record. Lewis, second with ix.93 s, had tied the existing world record, but that was bereft.^[48]

While Johnson basked in the glory of his accomplishment, Lewis started to explain abroad his defeat. He first claimed that Johnson had false-started, and then he alluded to a stomach virus that had weakened him, and finally, without naming names, said "There are a lot of people coming out of nowhere. I don't think they are doing it without drugs." He added, "I could run 9.8 or faster in the 100 if I could leap into drugs right away."^[49] This was the start of Lewis'south calling on the sport of track and field to eliminate the illegal utilize of operation-enhancing drugs. His detractors noted that the trouble had been in the sport for many years, and it but became a cause for Lewis in one case he was really defeated. In response to the accusations, Johnson replied "When Carl Lewis was winning everything, I never said a discussion confronting him. And when the next guy comes along and beats me, I won't complain about that either".^[50]

1988 Summer Olympics [edit]

Lewis non merely lost the about publicized showdown in rail and field in 1987, he also lost his father. When William Lewis died of cancer at historic period 60, Lewis placed the gold medal he won for the 100 m in 1984 in his manus to be buried with him. "Don't worry," he told his mother. "I'll get another one."^[51] Lewis repeatedly referred to his father as a motivating gene for the 1988 season. "A lot happened to me last year, particularly the decease of my begetter. That acquired me to re-educate myself to being the very best I possibly tin be this season," he said, after defeating Johnson in Zürich on August 17.^[52]

The 100 g last at the 1988 Summer Olympics was 1 of the about sensational sports stories of the year and its unexpected issue would rank as one of the most infamous sports stories of the century.^[53] Johnson won in ix.79 southward, a new earth tape, while Lewis fix a new American record with nine.92 s. Three days later, Johnson tested positive for steroids, his medal was taken away and Lewis was awarded gold and credited with a new Olympic record.^[54]

In the long leap, Robert Emmiyan withdrew from the contest citing an injury, and Lewis's main challengers were ascent American long leap star Mike Powell and long-time rival Larry Myricks. Lewis leapt viii.72 thou (28 ft 7+ 1⁄4  in), a depression-altitude Olympic best, and none of his competitors could friction match it. The Americans swept the medals in the event for the first fourth dimension in 84 years. In the 200 1000, Lewis dipped nether his Olympic record from 1984, running 19.79 s, but did then in second place to Joe DeLoach, who claimed the new record and Olympic gilt in 19.75 s. In the terminal event he entered, the four × 100 1000 relay, Lewis never fabricated it to the track equally the Americans fumbled an exchange in a heat and were disqualified.^[55]

A subsequent award would follow: Lewis eventually was credited with the 100 1000 world record for the 9.92 s he ran in Seoul. Though Ben Johnson's nine.79 s time was never ratified as a world tape, the nine.83 s he ran the year before was. However, in the fallout to the steroid scandal, an enquiry was called in Canada wherein Johnson admitted under oath to long-time steroid use. The IAAF subsequently stripped Johnson of his tape and gold medal from the World Championships. Lewis was deemed to be the globe record holder for his 1988 Olympic performance and declared the 1987 100 thousand World Champion. The IAAF besides alleged that Lewis had as well, therefore, twice tied the "true" world record (nine.93 south) for his 1987 World Championship functioning, and again at the 1988 Zürich meet where he defeated Johnson. However, those times were never ratified equally records.^[56] From January 1, 1990, Lewis was the world record holder in the 100 m.^[57] The record did not last long, every bit boyfriend American and Academy of Houston teammate Leroy Burrell ran 9.xc s on June xiv, 1991, to break Lewis'due south mark.^[58] Lewis likewise permanently lost his ranking as number one for the 200 k in 1988 and for the 100 m in 1989.^{[thirty] [59]} He also lost the elevation ranking for the long spring in 1990 but was able to regain it in 1992.^[9]

1991 World Championships: Lewis' greatest performances [edit]

Tokyo was the venue for the 1991 World Championships. In the 100 m final, Lewis faced the 2 men who ranked number one in the world the by two years: Burrell and Jamaican Raymond Stewart.^[12] In what would be the deepest 100 meters race ever to that time, with six men finishing in under 10 seconds, Lewis not only defeated his opponents, he reclaimed the earth tape with a clocking of ix.86 s.^[60] Though previously a world-tape holder in this event, this was the kickoff time he had crossed the line with "WR" beside his name on the giant television screens, and the first time he could savor his achievement at the moment it occurred. He could be seen with tears in his eyes afterwards. "The best race of my life," Lewis said. "The best technique, the fastest. And I did information technology at 30."^[36] Lewis'south earth record would correspond nearly iii years.^[56] Lewis also anchored the 4 × 100 m relay team to another world tape, 37.50 due south, the third fourth dimension that year he had anchored a 4 × 100 m squad to a world record.

Long jump showdown versus Powell [edit]

The 1991 World Championships are maybe all-time remembered for the long bound final, considered by some to have been one of greatest competitions ever in any sport.^[61] Lewis was up against his main rival of the last few years, Mike Powell, the silver medalist in the effect from the 1988 Olympics and the pinnacle-ranked long jumper of 1990. Lewis had at that point not lost a long spring competition in a decade, winning the 65 consecutive meets in which he competed. Powell had been unable to defeat Lewis, despite sometimes putting in jumps nigh world-record territory, just to see them ruled fouls^[62] or, as with other competitors such every bit Larry Myricks, putting in leaps that Lewis himself had only rarely surpassed, just to meet Lewis surpass them on his next or final attempt.^{[63] [64]}

Lewis' kickoff jump was 8.68 m (28 ft 5+ 1⁄2  in), a World Championship tape, and a marking bested by merely iii others beside Lewis all-time. Powell, jumping first, had faltered in the outset round, simply jumped 8.54 one thousand (28 ft 0 in) to merits second place in the second round.^[65] Lewis jumped eight.83 thou (28 ft 11+ 1⁄ii  in), a wind-aided leap, in the tertiary round, a marker that would take won all only ii long jump competitions in history. Powell responded with a long foul, estimated to be around viii.lxxx thousand (28 ft 10+ ane⁄iv  in). Lewis'due south side by side jump made history: the first leap ever beyond Bob Beamon's record. The wind gauge indicated the jump was air current-aided, so information technology could non be considered a tape, but it would however count in the competition. viii.91 thousand (29 ft 2+ 3⁄4  in) was the greatest leap ever nether whatsoever condition.^[65]

In the next circular, Powell responded. His spring was measured as 8.95 m (29 ft four+ i⁄4  in); this fourth dimension, his jump was non a foul, and with a wind gauge measurement of 0.3 m/southward, well inside the legal allowable for a tape. Powell had not only jumped four cm further than Lewis, he had eclipsed the 23-yr-old mark set by Bob Beamon and done so at low altitude.^[65] Lewis still had two jumps left, although he was at present no longer chasing Beamon, but Powell. He leaped eight.87 thou (29 ft ane in), which was a new personal best under legal wind atmospheric condition, then a final spring of 8.84 k (29 ft 0 in). He thus lost his first long jump contest in a decade.^[66] Powell'southward 8.95 one thousand (29 ft 4+ 1⁄four  in) and Lewis'due south last ii jumps still stand equally of May 2021 as the tiptop 3 depression altitude jumps ever. The uttermost anyone has jumped since nether legal conditions is eight.74 grand (28 ft 8 in).^[67]

Lewis' reaction to what was one of the greatest competitions ever in the sport was to offer acquittance of the achievement of Powell.^[65] "He just did it," Lewis said of Powell's winning leap. "It was that close, and it was the best of his life."^[68] Powell did spring as far or farther on ii subsequent occasions, though both were wind-aided jumps at altitude: 8.99 thou (29 ft 5+ iii⁄4  in) in 1992 and eight.95 chiliad (29 ft 4+ 1⁄4  in) in 1994.^[69] Lewis's best subsequent results were two wind-aided leaps at 8.72 1000 (28 ft 7+ 1⁄four  in), and an viii.68 m (28 ft 5+ i⁄2  in) nether legal weather while in the qualifying rounds at the Barcelona Olympics.^[seventy]

In reference to his efforts at the 1991 World Championships, Lewis said, "This has been the greatest encounter that I've always had."^[71] Rail and Field News was prepared to go fifty-fifty further than that, suggesting that after these Championships, "It had become difficult to argue that he is not the greatest athlete ever to set up foot on rail or field."^[71] Lewis's 1991 outstanding results earned him the ABC's Wide World of Sports Athlete of the Yr, an award he shared with gymnastics star Kim Zmeskal.

Concluding years and retirement [edit]

Later the heights reached in 1991, Lewis started to lose his dominance in both the sprints and the long jump. Though he anchored a world record one:19.11 in the rarely run iv × 200 m relay with the Santa Monica Track Lodge early in 1992,^[72] he failed to qualify for the Olympic team in the 100 k or 200 m. In the latter race, he finished fourth at the Olympic trials backside ascension star Michael Johnson who set a personal best of 19.79 s. It was the commencement fourth dimension the two had ever met on the track.^[73] Lewis did, withal, qualify for the long jump, finishing second behind Powell, and was eligible for the 4 × 100 m relay squad. At the Games in Barcelona, Lewis jumped 8.67 yard (28 ft v+ 1⁄4  in) in the first round of the long bound, beating Powell who did a last-round viii.64 thou (28 ft 4 in). In the iv × 100 yard relay, Lewis anchored another earth record, in 37.xl southward, a time which stood for xvi years. He covered the final leg in 8.85 seconds, the fastest officially recorded anchor leg.^[74]

Lewis competed at the 4th Globe Championships in Stuttgart in 1993, simply finished fourth in the 100 m,^[75] and did non compete in the long jump. He did, however, earn his first Earth Championship medal in the 200 m, a bronze with his nineteen.99 s performance.^[76] That medal would prove to be his final Olympic or Globe Title medal in a running consequence. Injuries kept Lewis largely sidelined for the side by side few years, then he fabricated a improvement for the 1996 flavour.

In 1996, Lewis qualified for the Olympic team in the long jump for the fifth fourth dimension, the first time an American human has done so.^[77] At the 1996 Olympics, injuries to globe-record holder Mike Powell and the leading long-jumper in the world, Iván Pedroso, affected their performances. Lewis, on the other mitt, was in good form. Though he did not match by performances, his third-round leap of viii.fifty m (27 ft ten+ one⁄2  in) won gold by 0.21 grand (8+ 1⁄iv  in) over second-place finisher James Beckford of Jamaica.^[78] He became the tertiary Olympian to win the same private event four times,^[79] joining Danish sailor Paul Elvstrøm and American discus thrower Al Oerter; the three would be joined by American swimmer Michael Phelps in 2016. Lewis'south nine aureate medals also necktie him for 2d on the list of multiple Olympic aureate medalists with Paavo Nurmi, Larisa Latynina, and Marker Spitz behind Phelps.^[80]

Lewis' viii.fifty m (27 ft 10+ 1⁄2  in) bound was also officially declared tied with Larry Myricks for the masters record for the 35–39 age group.^[81]

Controversy struck when, as Track and Field News put it, "Lewis' attitude in the whole relay hoo-hah a few days later served only to take the luster off his terminal gold."^[78] Later on Lewis's unexpected long jump golden, it was noted that he could get the athlete with the most Olympic gilded medals if he entered the iv × 100 m relay team. Any member of the American Olympic men's track and field team could be used, even if they had non qualified for the relay result. Lewis said, "If they asked me, I'd run information technology in a second. Simply they haven't asked me to run it." He further suggested on Larry King Live that viewers phone the United states Olympic Committee to counterbalance in on the situation. Lewis had skipped the mandatory relay training camp and demanded to run the anchor leg, which added to the debate. The last decision was to exclude Lewis from the team. Olympic team coach Erv Chase said, "The basis of their [the relay team's] stance was 'We want to run, nosotros worked our butts off and nosotros deserve to be here.'"^[78] The American relay team finished second behind Canada.^[82]

Lewis retired from rails and field in 1997.

Use of stimulants [edit]

In 2003, Wade Exum, the United States Olympic Committee'southward director of drug command assistants from 1991 to 2000, gave copies of documents to Sports Illustrated that revealed that some 100 American athletes failed drug tests from 1988 to 2000, arguing that they should have been prevented from competing in the Olympics but were even so cleared to compete. Earlier showing the documents to Sports Illustrated, Exum tried to apply them in a lawsuit against USOC, accusing the organization of racial bigotry and wrongful termination confronting him and cover-up over the failed tests. His case was summarily dismissed past the Denver federal Court for lack of bear witness. The USOC claimed his case "baseless" as he himself was the i in charge of screening the anti-doping test programme of the organization and clarifying that the athletes were cleared co-ordinate to the rules.^{[83] [84]}

Lewis was among the named athletes and Exum'due south documents revealed that at the 1988 Olympics trials he had iii positive results on a combined test for pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine. All were and are banned in sport due to their activeness as stimulants, though at the time all three were available over-the-counter every bit dietary supplements or treatments for cold and allergy symptoms. The combined concentrations of these stimulants detected in the 3 successive tests were ii ppm, 4 ppm and six ppm.^[83]

Lewis defended himself, claiming that he had accidentally consumed the banned substances. After the supplements that he had taken were analyzed to evidence his claims, the USOC accepted his merits of inadvertent use, since a dietary supplement he ingested was establish to contain ma huang, the Chinese name for Ephedra sinica, an ephedrine-bearing plant which was then marketed as a weight loss assistance.^[83] Fellow Santa Monica Rail Order teammates Joe DeLoach and Floyd Heard were likewise found to have the same banned stimulants in their systems, and were cleared to compete for the same reason.^{[85] [86]}

The highest level of the stimulants Lewis recorded was 6 ppm, which was regarded as a positive test in 1988 only is at present regarded equally negative test. The adequate level has been raised to ten parts per meg for ephedrine and xx-5 parts per million for other substances.^{[83] [87]} According to the IOC rules at the fourth dimension, positive tests with levels lower than x ppm were crusade of further investigation only non immediate ban. Neal Benowitz, a professor of medicine at UC San Francisco who is an expert on ephedrine and other stimulants, agreed in 2003 that "These [levels] are what you'd see from someone taking common cold or allergy medicines and are unlikely to have whatever upshot on performance."^[83]

Post-obit Exum's revelations the IAAF affirmed that at the 1988 Olympic Trials the USOC indeed followed the correct procedures in dealing with eight positive findings for ephedrine and ephedrine-related compounds in low concentration. The federation likewise reviewed in 1988 the relevant documents with the athletes' names undisclosed and stated that "the medical committee felt satisfied, withal, on the basis of the information received that the cases had been properly concluded by the USOC equally 'negative cases' in accordance with the rules and regulations in place at the time and no further action was taken".^{[88] [89]}

"Carl did nix wrong. At that place was never intent. He was never told 'you violated the rules'" said Martin D. Singer, Lewis's lawyer, who too said that Lewis had inadvertently taken the banned stimulants in an over-the-counter herbal remedy.^[90] In an April 2003 interview, Lewis agreed that he tested positive iii times in 1988 but he was let off equally that was the normal practice in those times.^[91] "The simply thing I tin can say is I retrieve it's unfortunate what Wade Exum is trying to practice," said Lewis. "I don't know what people are trying to brand out of nothing because anybody was treated the same, and then what are we talking about? I don't go it."^[92]

Achievements and honors [edit]

An Azerbaijani stamp, 1996

• Lewis is the only man to successfully defend an Olympic long jump title.
• Outdoors, Lewis jumped 14 of the 20 furthest ancillary jumps of all time. (Ancillary marks are those that are valid, but were not the furthest in a series.)^[93]

Personal best marks [edit]

• 100 grand: 9.86 s (August 1991, Tokyo)
• 200 m: 19.75 s (June 1983, Indianapolis)
• Long jump: 8.87 m (29 ft 1 in) 1991, w viii.91 yard (29 ft 2+ three⁄iv  in) 1991 (both in Tokyo)
• iv × 100 k relay: 37.xl south (The states – Marsh; Burrell; Mitchell; Lewis – Baronial 1992, Barcelona)
• 4 × 200 m relay: 1:18.68 min (Santa Monica Rails Club – Marsh; Burrell; Heard; Lewis – 1994; (former world record)

Honors [edit]

In 1999, Lewis was voted "Sportsman of the Century" past the International Olympic Committee,^[94] elected "World Athlete of the Century" past the International Clan of Athletics Federations^[94] and named "Olympian of the Century" past Sports Illustrated.^[95] In 2000 his alma mater University of Houston named the Carl Lewis International Complex after him.

In 2010, Lewis was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame.

In 2016, Lewis was inducted into the Texas Track and Field Coaches Association Hall of Fame.^[96]

Career after retiring from athletics [edit]

Film and television [edit]

Lewis has appeared in numerous films and television set productions. Amongst them, he played himself in cameos in Perfect Strangers, Speed Zone, Conflicting Hunter and Cloth Girls. He made an advent on The Weakest Link. He also played Stu in the made-for-Telly movie Atomic Twister.

In 2011, Lewis appeared in the short documentary Challenging Impossibility which features the feats of strength demonstrated by the tardily spiritual teacher and peace abet Sri Chinmoy.^[97] Lewis as well appeared in the picture The Last Adam (2006).

Bid for New Jersey State Senate [edit]

On Apr 11, 2011, Lewis filed petitions to run as a Democrat for New Jersey Senate in the state's 8th legislative district in Burlington Canton.^[98] 2 weeks later he was butterfingers by Lieutenant Governor and secretary of state, Kim Guadagno, equally he did not meet the state'south requirement that Senate candidates alive in New Jersey for iv years.^[99] Lewis appealed his decision to the Third Circuit Court of Appeals; the court initially granted his appeal merely a few days later the court reversed itself and Lewis withdrew his name.^{[100] [101]}

Coaching [edit]

Every bit of 2018, Lewis serves as an assistant rail coach at his alma mater, the University of Houston.^[102]

Personal life [edit]

Lewis and his married woman, Maria, accept a son named Bakim.^[103]

Lewis became a vegan in 1990, during his tardily twenties, and has credited his outstanding 1991 results in office to his vegan nutrition.^[104] He has said that it is better suited to him considering he tin can eat a larger quantity without affecting his athleticism, and he believes that switching to a vegan diet tin can lead to improved athletic operation.^[105]

Lewis sang "The Star-Spangled Banner" during the 1993 NBA Finals.^[106]

At a 2019 Pan American Games news briefing, and in the backwash of the deadly El Paso and Dayton shootings, Lewis called then-U.Due south. President Donald Trump "a racist who is prejudiced, misogynistic, who doesn't value anyone exterior of himself".^[107]

Come across also [edit]

• List of vegans
• List of multiple Olympic gold medalists
• List of multiple Olympic gold medalists at a single Games
• Listing of multiple Olympic gilt medalists in 1 event
• 100 metres at the World Championships in Athletics
• List of multiple Summer Olympic medalists

References [edit]

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